Extraction and surface modification of cellulose fibers and its reinforcement in starch-based film for packaging composites

Abstract Background Cellulose extraction from gloss art paper (GAP) waste is a recycling strategy for the abundance of waste. Here, study was conducted on impact ultrasonic homogenization cellulose GAP to improve particle size, crystallinity, and thermal stability. Results At treatment temperature 75.8 °C, power level 70.3% 1.4 h duration, with properties 516.4 nm 71.5% stability 355.2 °C were extracted. Surface modification H 3 PO 4 hydrolysis 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation done followed by starch reinforcement. hydrophobicity mechanical strength increased TEMPO starch–cellulose. No reduction observed during treatment, while increment crystallinity index up 47.65–59.6% shown. Neat film more transparent, starch–TEMPO starch–H film, due better homogeneity. Conclusions The reinforced shows potential in developing packaging materials simultaneously provide an alternative solution recycling. Graphical